In the field of space science, our homeland is progressing day by day. Every patriotic have wish for the prosperity of his homeland. Like In every walk of life, Pakistan is actively developing its space missions, focusing on satellite technology for Earth observation, disaster management, and communication. The recent example of Pak-India war victory depicts the background grip of technology in our aircrafts. The satellites technology strengthened the navigation system which directly improve the performance of war field tools and machines. Now the world admires us technological expertise in warfare. Under below the chorological analysis of the journey of satellite missions are:

1. Badr-1

Badr-1 was the first artificial and the first digital communications satellite launched by Pakistan’s national space authority the SUPARCO  in 1990. The Badr-1 was Pakistan’s first indigenously developed and manufactured digital communications and an experimental artificial satellite which was launched into low Earth orbit by Pakistan on 16 July 1990, through a Chinese carrier rocket. The launch ushered in new military, technological, and scientific developments in Pakistan and also provided data on radio-signal distribution in the ionosphere. Originally planned to be launched from the United States in 1986, the Challenger disaster delayed the launch of the satellite which changed the plan. After the People’s Republic of China offered Pakistan to use its facility, the Badr-1 was finally launched from Xichang Satellite Launch Center in 1990 on Long March 2E. Badr-1 travelled at 17,500 miles per hour (28,200 km/h), taking 96.3 minutes to complete an orbit, and emitted radio signals at the 145 to 435 MHz bands which were operated by Pakistan Amateur Radio Society (PARS). The Badr-1 successfully completed its designed life, and a new satellite was proposed to be developed. Now, Pakistan became the first Muslim country, and second South Asian country after India, to place a satellite in orbit.

2. Paksat-1

Paskat-I was a geosynchronous and communications satellite built and owned by the Boeing Company, leased to Pakistan’s Space & Upper Atmosphere Research commission (SUPARCO) and renamed Paksat-1. It was successfully put into orbit on 1 February 1996 as Palapa-C1 for Indonesia as its original customer. But, after the technical problems, the satellite was leased to SUPARCO at an orbital location of 38° East longitude in December 2002. Paksat-1 offers the C-band and Ku-band coverage in over 75 countries across Europe, Africa, Middle East, South and Central Asia. Its customers included government organizations, television broadcasters, telecommunications companies, data and broadband internet service providers. Palapa-C1 was launched by an Atlas IIAS launch vehicle on 1 February 1996 at 01:15:01 UTC. The satellites were launched from Cape Canaveral in Florida. The liquid apogee engine of the satellite then raises it to geostationary orbit.
PT Satellite Palapa Indonesia (SATELINDO) chose Hughes in April 1993. It was built by Hughes Space and Communications Company for Indonesian telecommunications provider PT Satellite Palapa Indonesia (SATELINDO). It was based on the HS-601 satellite bus. Construction was done at El Segundo, California. Hughes also augmented the new master control station at Daan Mogot City near Jakarta. It had 30 C-band transponders and 4 Ku-band transponders. It was due to be located in geosynchronous orbit at 113° East above the equator. The successful launching of this satellite helps the geologist to work for the better growth of the resources and hidden minerals.

3. The Badr-B

This was Pakistan’s second spacecraft and the first Earth observation satellite launched into Sun-synchronous orbit on 10 December 2001 at 09:15 by SUPARCO. Pakistan’s national space agency. Badr-B was a microsatellite, weighing approximately 70 kg, and contained a computerized system to conduct studies on gravity gradients. Badr-B was a research satellite to explore the upper atmosphere and the near space, carrying a large array of instruments for geophysical research.
The Badr-B payload was equipped with several CCD cameras, compact dosimeter, a telemetry system, charge detector and a temperature control unit. It is intended to complete and update the Islamabad Mission Control Center (IMCC) and to test the remote sensing CCD instruments.
After receiving criticism from the scientific society, the SUPARCO succeeded in a talks held with Russian Federal Space Agency on a possible low rates. The PAF’s Air Force Strategic Command flew the satellite on C-130 Hercules to Kazakhstan. The Badr-B was taken to Baikonur Cosmodrome along with Russian satellites which were also stored for the final assembly. Overall, the Badr-B was an ambitious project that was intended to learn and developed the low-cost EOS satellites, and to build the infrastructure for larger satellites.The Badr-B stimulated the research on astrophysics and astro-particle physics that have encouraged the scientific community to continue their research on peaceful uses of space.

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4. Paksat-MM1 

Paska-MMI formerly known as Asia Sat 4, was a leased communications satellite operated by SUPARCO, Pakistan’s national space agency. The satellite was provided by Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company (Asia Sat), a Hong Kong-based satellite operator. Initially stationed at 122° East longitude, Paksat-MM1 was later relocated to 38.2° East to better serve Pakistan and the surrounding region. During most of its operational life at 122° East, it provided fixed satellite services, including broadcasting, audio, and data transmission, to Asia and the Pacific Ocean region.
In February 2018 it was leased by PakSat International, a subsidiary of SUPARCO (Pakistan’s space agency), from the Asia Satellite Telecommunications Company (AsiaSat) . Previously positioned at 122° East longitude, it was relocated to 38.2° East to serve Pakistan’s needs. Paksat renamed it Paksat-MM1 (Paksat-Multi Mission 1) and began operations in March 2018.

5. Paksat-1R 

Paksat-1 Replacement is a geosynchronous, communications satellite that was manufactured by China Great Wall Industry Corporation (CGWIC) [5] and operated by the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO), an executive space authority of the Government of Pakistan.
In December 2001, the SUPARCO negotiated to lease the Palapa-C1 satellite and designated it as Paksat-1 in an attempt to avert the orbital position crises. It was acquired after an anomaly in the electrical system of the satellite on 24 November 1998. A module for controlling the hydro accumulators had failed and an American contractor, Hughes Global Services (HGS), managed to develop a strategy that allowed the continued use of the satellite in geostationary orbit. The satellite was eventually leased by Pakistan as Paksat-1 at 38° East in geostationary orbit and had been active since December 2002. During this time, the SUPARCO began developing the geosynchronous satellite to replace the aging Paksat-1 as part of the new space policy announced by the government of Pakistan in 2008.
PAKSAT-1R was launched at 16:15:04 UTC on 11 August 2011 aboard China’s Long March 3B (CZ-3B) launch vehicle from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in China’s Sichuan Province. The launch was witnessed by, among others, Pakistan’s Secretary Defense, Lt. Gen. Syed Athar Ali (retd), Secretary Foreign Affairs, Salman Bashir, Director General, Strategic Plans Division, Lt. Gen. Khalid Ahmed Kidwai (retd) and the Ambassador of Pakistan to China, Muhammad Masood Khan.

6. I Cube-1

I Cube-1 was a miniaturized satellite built by the Institute of Space Technology in Pakistan. Its objective was to conduct a wide range of experiments in imaging ,microgravity, biology, nanotechnology, space dynamics, chemistry, space physics and other fields. It also served as a testbed for developing satellite constellations for specific applications.
I Cube-1 was launched into Low Earth Orbit aboard the Dnepr launch vehicle from Dombarovsky, Russia. It carried several sensors to collect data for scientific purposes. The satellite was fully autonomous and capable of maintaining its health using its on-board computer.
I Cube-1 was a single-unit CubeSat, cubic in shape with sides of 10 centimeters (3.9 inches). Five sides of the satellite were equipped with two triple-junction (ATJ) solar cells, providing the spacecraft with 2 watts of power. Each cell measured 40 by 80 millimeters (1.6 inches × 3.1 inches) and had an efficiency of at least 27.5% at 25°C at the beginning of operations. According to an IST spokesperson, the launch of iCube-1 was held on 21 November 2013 which is a significant step forward for technology in Pakistan. This low-cost factor makes CubeSats attractive to researchers who can test their payloads using these small satellites and then incorporate the technology into larger projects.

7. PRSS-1

The Pakistan Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (PRSS-1), is a Pakistani earth observation optical satellite launched from China’s Jiuquan Satellite Centre on 9 July 2018.
The PRSS program was planned to be a progressive and sustainable program with an initial plan to launch an optical satellite with payload of 2.5 metre PAN in 700 km Sun-synchronous orbit by the end of year 2014, which will be followed by a series of optical and SAR satellites. Necessary infrastructure for ground control, image reception and processing was also planned to be set up.[2] According to SUPARCO, the first satellite of this program was launched in 2018, envisioned to provide help in exploiting the potentials of space technologies for natural resource surveying and environmental purpose.
On 9 July 2018 at 03:56:10 UTC, China successfully launched two remote sensing satellites for Pakistan, which were launched to monitor progress as they build the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor, an extensive multibillion-dollar infrastructure development project between the two nations. The satellites were named PRSS-1 and PakTES-1A, and were launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in northwest China using a Long March 2C launch vehicle. The PRSS-1 is China’s first optical remote sensing satellite sold to Pakistan.

8. ICUBE-Q

ICUBE-QAMAR is a Pakistani lunar remote sensing nanosatellite and one of the four international payloads of the Chang’e 6 lunar sample-return mission. It is a joint venture between the Institute of Space Technology (IST), Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) and the Intelligent Satellite Technology Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU), under the framework of Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO). It is Pakistan’s first deep-space mission.
ICUBE-Q was integrated with Chang’e 6 orbiter after successful qualification tests at SUPARCO. On 3 May 2024 the satellite was launched on Long March 5 Y8 rocket from Wenchang Space Launch Site. The satellite was deployed from the Chang’e 6 lunar orbiter stack in at 08:14 UTC (13:14 PKT) on 8 May 2024 and had undergone testing for the first few days with the first images being expected around 15-16 May 2024.
The mission objectives include obtaining detailed images of the lunar surface and conducting intelligent on-orbit data processing of images, obtaining lunar magnetic field data and establish lunar magnetic field model and verifying new technologies such as nanosatellite-level deep space lunar-ground communications and low-cost deep space exploration based on micro-nano satellites. The satellite transmitted its first images back to Earth on 11 May 2024 captured from a distance of 200 kilometres from the Moon.

9. PakTES-1A

Pakistan Technology Evaluation Satellite is an indigenously developed remote sensing satellite of Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission. It was developed by SUPARCO and its payload manufacturing was subcontracted to South Africa’s Space Advisory Company. It has 300 Kilogram Mass. It was launched on board a Chinese Long March 2C rocket on 9 July 2018 to operate at an altitude of 610 kilo-metres (380 mi) from the Earth.
This advance technology based machine launched for the performance report of the communication and information systems related to Pakistan’s different space missions. The purpose of this launching is to monitor the upcoming flaws in all the satellites which launched by our country with the support of China.

10. Paksat-MM1R

Paksat-MMI R is a Pakistani communication satellite. This mission was a joint effort of the Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) and the China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The satellite was launched from China’s Xichang Satellite Launch Centre. On 18 September 2024, Minister of State for Information Technology and Telecommunication Shaza Fatima Khawaja announced that the satellite had successfully completed testing and had become operational.
The satellite was developed by China Academy of Space Technology (CAST), a subsidiary of CASC. It is based on the DFH-4E satellite platform with a liftoff mass of 5,400 kg, and equipped with 9 antennas and 48 transponders in C, Ku, Ka, and L bands. It can provide various services such as broadcasting, regional enhanced communications, high-throughput broadband and the satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) services etc. The total deliverable capacity of Ka-Band is 10 Gbps covering the whole of Pakistan. There is no steerable beam in Ka-HTS payload. Maximum throughput achievable on a single beam is approx. 1 Gbps. User beams are fixed and cannot be steered over any particular area. For PakSat-MM1 HTS, three Gateway beams have been designed over Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad with gateway beam of 0.08°.
Now, Pakistan’s latest remote sensing satellite is set to be launched into space, marking a significant step forward in the country’s space research and disaster management capabilities.The launch is scheduled to take place between 6:30am and 7:15am (Pakistan Standard Time) from China’s Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the Pakistan Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) on 31th July, 2025.
This new satellite is designed for research and earth observation, and will provide critical support in monitoring natural disasters such as floods, landslides, earthquakes, glacier melting, and deforestation. It will enhance the country’s capacity for early warning and effective disaster response. It will also serve as a valuable tool in tracking environmental changes and supporting major national initiatives like the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) by identifying geographical hazards and enhancing resource management. SUPARCO stated that the satellite aligns with Pakistan’s National Space Policy and the Vision 2047 roadmap, which aims to elevate the country into the ranks of technologically advanced nations through innovation in space technology.
In a parallel development, India’s space agency ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) launched its own satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. Dubbed “NISAR”, this satellite is focused on studying ecosystems, climate patterns, and natural hazards.
Pakistan’s remote sensing satellite, SUPARCO says, represents a milestone in strengthening the country’s research-based satellite infrastructure and signifies a commitment to peaceful space exploration and technological advancement. Sum up with this hope that the prosperity of Pakistan stay ever green with the advanced features of satellites mission.